History of Chess

The precursors of chess originated in India during the Gupta Empire,2345 where its early form in the 6th century was known as chatura? ga, which translates as four divisions (of the military) infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry, be by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively. 6 Chess was introduced to Persia from India and became a part of the princely or courtly procreation of Persian nobility. 7 In Sassanid Persia around 600 the name became chatrang, which subsequently evolved to shatranj, due to Arab Muslims lack of ch and ng native sounds,8 and the rules were developed further. Players started calling Shah (Persian for King ) when attac fag the opponents king, and Shah Mat (Persian for the king is helpless see checkmate) when the king was attacked and could not escape from attack.These exclamations persisted in chess as it traveled to other lands. The enlivened was taken up by the Muslim world after the Islamic conqu est of Persia, with the pieces largely keeping their Persian names. The Moors of northwesterly Africa rendered Persian shatranj as sha? erej, which gave rise to the Spanish acedrex, axedrez and ajedrez in Portuguese it became xadrez, and in Greek zatrikion, but in the rest of Europe it was replaced by versions of the Persian shah (king).Thus, the game came to be called ludus scacchorum or scacc(h)i in Latin, scacchi in Italian, escacs in Catalan, echecs in French (Old French eschecs) schaken in Dutch, Schach in German, szachy in Polish, sahs in Latvian, skak in Danish, sjakk in Norwegian, schack in Swedish, sakki in Finnish, sah in South Slavic languages, sakk in Hungarian and sah in Romanian in that location are two theories about why this change happened 1. From the exclamation check or checkmate as it was pronounced in various languages. 2.From the first chessmen known of in Western Europe (except Iberia and Greece) be ornamental chess kings brought in as curios by Muslim tra ders. The Mongols call the game shatar, and in Ethiopia it is called senterej, both simply derived from shatranj. Chess bed covering directly from the Middle eastern to Russia, where chess became known as (shakhmaty, treated as a plural). The game reached Western Europe and Russia by at least three routes, the earliest being in the 9th century. By the year 1000 it had spread throughout Europe. 9 Introduced into the IberianPeninsula by the Moors in the 10th century, it was expound in a famous 13th century manuscript covering shatranj, backgammon and dice named the Libro de los juegos. Chess spread throughout the world and many variants of the game soon began taking shape. 10 Buddhist pilgrims, Silk Road traders and others carried it to the Far East where it was transformed and assimilated into a game often played on the intersection of the lines of the board rather than inside the squares. 1011 Chaturanga reached Europe through Persia, the Byzantine empire and the expanding Arab ian empire. 12 Muslims carried chess to North Africa, Sicily, and Iberia by the 10th century. 10 The game was developed extensively in Europe, and by the late 15th century, it had survived a series of prohibitions and Christian perform sanctions to almost take the shape of the modern game. 13 Modern history saw reliable reference works,14 militant chess tournaments15 and exciting new variants which added to the games popularity,15 further bolstered by reliable timing mechanisms (first introduced in 1861), effective rules15 and magnetized players. 16