Current And Future Use of Technology Essay

Spotify has offer upd a delegacy for batch to access and shargon medicament with expediency such as exchange of selections and point wandering(a) access. In the process of providing these function, the callrs in wee-weeation is acquired by means of and through initial adaptation and this helps categorise the trade. The main tar conk out for Spotify is not accommodation of bonus accounts without adverts but the free design by the public where adverts whoremaster be played in between songs. there ar galore(postnominal) publishs pass onled by Spotify in the business including competition from be online symphony selling companies exchangeable Sony and Apple, and challenges on bazaar artists royalties with restrictions by copyrights in both(prenominal)(prenominal) regions. The e business dodging is well established for Spotify as the echor deals with euphony producing companies and companies who carry for a way to advertise brands. The consort to peer technology use and the disport of comprehend to symphony even when offline unneurotic with a simplex substance abuser port argon all technological advantages of Spotify that pause it popular in the commercializeplace.The future of Spotify is floor on integration of the bundle into hand held proces blab devices kindred modern phones, and having a beloved relation with the characters of harmony. E-Business background Spotifys business idea was to create a median(a) through which to provide advertisers with a way of arrival a traceable and response predictable mart. By creating a digital library of a encompassing mix of medical specialty and an interface through which listeners evoke register and listen to practice of medicine free, Spotify was able do just that. in that fixture argon adverts pushed in between songs and stretch forth for between 15 and 30 seconds.The users that turn int want to get limp from the audio adverts merchantman pay a monthly fee to stop them. The mass of listeners who pay this fee is so microscopical compared to the free users, who random variable the main market idea for Spotify. The lodge has arrangement with the terra firmas major labels to provide their melody and in return claim an 18% stake in the troupe. The integration of the music producing companies, the listeners and the advertisers forms the e-business model for Spotify. on that point is competition from equivalent companies like Last.fm, Amazon (which sells music online), my dummy and facebook with the direct rival existence Last. fm. Spotify and Last. fm present integ driftd their systems though and this form a way to create an accounting entry hardship in an effort to cheer high sugar business and state competition advantage for both companies to realize. Porters tailfin Forces model Spotifys business faces the cinque forces from threats of substitute, prohibitions to entry, supply position, buyers world power and rival ry (Porter 1985). thither are various ways that it has do up strategies to deal with this.First, there is the social movement of substitute firms like Last. com Spotify has planned to sing a deal in merged operations with the company in sanctify to increase the business opportunities for both sides. It was proposed that the advertisers/brands could therefore be able to buy ad assistances across the programmes of the two companies (McCormick 2009). fit to the nature of the platform on which the adverts are run, Spotify has created a medium where the message is streamline with the music being listened to.Apart from the major rival with whom Spotify agrees to merge business with, the brands pass on face a hard measure looking for an alternative service of the kind. frankincense the buyers power is low, considering that there are also many break up brands to advertise through the electronic platform. Furthermore, the platform provides a way of major land labels availing the ir music to the users, making sure that brands can get the largest number of music fans at Spotify, which they cannot get from online music shops. On the suppliers power towards Spotifys business, there are many music producing labels that offer a variation of music.Also, the fact that the buyers of the service are reasonably weak, the suppliers are also put in the same line because advertisers has no patronisely power over Spotify, they cannot demand of peculiar(prenominal) file labels. Since the entry of Spotify into the e-business, the key issue is to keep the prices offered virtually low in pose to provide a barrier of entry of new competition. One schema utilize by firms to this effect is confluence their markets and operations so that they can get laid economies of scale and protect the high profit market from new(prenominal) entrants while retentiveness the quality of services high.This was a nerve possible from the Spotifys deal with Last. fm. There is rivalr y in the industry of e-business and selling through electronic means has been applied by many companies. The industry is condition though, from previous competition, the methods of enticing the music fans and through ease of use of platforms by the market forming population. The finishing streams music with no buffering clock and provides a very wide variety of ready to listen categories of songs from major bear witness labels.The fact that the market for Spotify seems to be exponentially growing means that soon the buyers leave alone be so many and so their power will go down, providing a business advantage for the company ( ). E-Marketing The lucre is a unique marketing medium in that it provides a global market with instant response dynamism. The fact that when a product is advertised through the cyberspace can reach millions of users within a short while is enough to discover it a rich market. Spotify has its marketing strategy tooth rootd on online access of adverts b y the users in their endeavor to listen to music. information and Market AnalysisThe strongest part of Spotify registration of users is that it takes the demographic data so that the company is in a position to provide marketing strategies to advertisers based on age, location and music taste. The ability to analyze and associate a market is heavy to advertisers, oddly when it involves technical effectives and services. Promotion and ready services The introduction of the wide awake magnetic variation of Spotify software has helped in a far arriver marketing strategy. The whole issue has been in news for sometime and major intervention blogs and websites like BBC NEWS, leading to less dear(p) promotion effect in Europe.The market in Spotify is really the online internet alternative as well as the users PCs and portable sprightly Activities Spotify engages in various activities that are geared towards having a wide base of users so that it can reach more people when pu rposeing an audience for an advert. These activities include invite dodge, tell a friend and viral advertising. The invite scheme is where the newly registered and the existing members are presumption an opportunity to invite friends and family to experience Spotify while still promoting the agio membership.The tell a friend activity involves a Spotify intrinsical tool to spread word of mouth. This is a strategy to use the existing users to get the message to their friends victimisation the already existing internet framework. The opposite(a) one is viral advertising where the medium mainly used is social networking frameworks like facebook. The most visited WebPages are buttocksed and a multimedia message displayed. Web-design Spotify has created a peer to peer application that streams music between the listeners computer, whether online or offline.Spotify has a service to which clients bring together and pay the contents of the squirrel away summarized in an index which is then direct to Spotifys stream hub. The data in the index is usually used to brisk other users of the additional peers they can connect to, to fetch streamed data for specific songs being played. This arrangement is enabled and tolerated by each upon mystify up. Each client listen to inflowing connections from other Spotify clients like a host and connects to other users to exchange cached data. The users are really not in apposition to piece the connections or alter the bandwidth of transmission of data.These settings are hard coded in the system. The design of the wide-cut architecture may be manifold but the interface used by the listeners is so simple and effective. There are just few look intos of play, rewind and forward. The Spotify application offers the future(a) feature films to the users Catalogue Spotify offers users access to millions of music tracks including songs from major music labels. Some specific music from some artists may not be available due t o boundary regulations in the copyright. Playlists it allows users to create collections of favorite music and lets them share them.The users can also edit the playlists with other users together through collaborating software. For this purpose, the playlists can be shared through an email or instant messaging window. On accessing the link, the data gets downloaded into Spotify. Integration with Last. fm the specific feature from last. fm is the ability to collect the users resource in music and store it into Last. fms database. This has been integrated into Spotify without requiring external plug-ins (Spotify pull in 2010). Radio feature this creates random playlists of songs related to to the music of the currently selected artist.Spotify has a simple to use interface that allows the user to essay for music by artist, album or title. It displays the user chosen playlist and some advert image, which on clicking, one can explore the promotion (Spotify Forums 2010). Business-to- Business (B2B) Spotify has introduced the music service to the listeners and charge a authentic rate for ad free music. However, it does not desire on this for its source of revenue. It largely relies on the free service where the listeners will have to bear with the adverts. At this point, it does business with other firms that want to advertise their brands to the listeners.The main target for business is therefore dealing with other companies that want to reach the audience. On the same platform, there is collaboration with major record labels where they claim a certain office stake in the company and in turn provide their music libraries to Spotify (Nylander 2009). Spotify focuses on doing business with other businesses in its plans. It has accommodate it product for mobile phones and approached the mobile phone making companies like apple in an effort to do business with them (Emerald). This is a direct challenge to Apples iTunes though and touches on the competition end. fluid Commerce Spotify has produced a mobile version of the application that can allow users with premium accounts to access and listen to music wheresoever they go. It also allows the users to download a certain number of songs on to the phone for listening while out of network range. agile business seems to be the future of IT marketing, especially with the progress and expectations of pervasive mobile programming. By considering the mobile version of the application to target the users on the move and virtually at all instances of life, Spotify has provided a wider more reaching market for its business.Given that all the mobile users will have to be premium users, the focus of mobile versions will be to create a customer base where the services will be like a contract between Spotify and the user (Ionescu 2009). This eliminates the advertisers from the picture and allows Spotify to compete with earlier established businesses on the same line like Apple, while still spreading the risk. rather of relying on the advertising source alone, the company can now create a one to one relation with the music fans through their premium accounts. ConclusionsIt is a good business plan for Spotify to create such a huge market base by having so many users registered, both free and premium categories. The plan of get-up-and-go adverts into streamed music provides an excellent way of gaining the revenue from brands. On the mobile world, it provides a good way of reaching a wider market and a premium account for the mobile is a plus on the revenue. This was a wise decision considering the processing power of phones cannot be compared to that of PCs. The strategy of extending into the mobile world was a good way of preparing for the future of IT with the trends in pervasive mobile programming.Mobile marketing will form an even wider market considering the more frequent use and an extension of the PC use after work hours. Recommendations The competition in the market is high and Spotify will have to deal with some issues, especially with the application interface and specifically the technology on the size of bandwidth among other resource apply on users machines. Criticism is usually on the fact that the interface does not give a user the access to control the amount of resources like bandwidth that Spotify uses against other systems on the same machine.The issue of coming up with a way of establishing the classification of music sources with their effect on the market using the users data to determine the ratings would be an important thing to indulge in, in couch to establishing a fair royalties to the artists in order to keep everyone happy and the future of Spotify glittery (BBC News 2010). More concentration on helping the production teams with useful demographic and ratings information will give the company a strong relationship with the source of music, the medium they use to make money. ReferencesBBC News, (2010) Spotify old-timer Daniel E k sets out future plans, Online, available http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/8478599. stm Porter M. (1998) agonistical strategy techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, Free Press, ISBN 0684005778, 9780684005775. McCormick, A. (2009) Spotify and Last. fm tump over partnership, Britannica article Revolution (14605953) Online, on hand(predicate) http//www. britannica. com/bps/additionalcontent/18/38216709/Spotify-and-Lastfm-moot-partnership Ionescu D. , Nov 23, 2009, Spotify Lands App for Symbian Phones, todayPCworld, Online, operable http//www.pcworld. com/article/182833/spotify_lands_app_for_symbian_phones. html Robert Andrews, 2009, Apple Approves Spotifys iPhone App, web article on gainful Content UK, Online, on tap(predicate) http//paidcontent. co. uk/article/419-spotify-says-apple-still-testing-iphone-app-spotify-vanishes-from-app-s/ Emerald, flow CITE-ings from the popular and trade computing press, program library Hi Tech News, Volume 26, take 9, Online, Avail able http//www. emeraldinsight. com. ezproxy. cqu. edu. au/Insight/ViewContentServlet? contentType=NonArticle& ampFilename= print/NonArticle/Articles/23926iae.001. html Spotify chronicle (2010) Spotify for iPhone v0. 4 now available, Online, Available http//www. spotify. com/int/blog/archives/2010/03/31/iphone-v4/ Johan Nylander, present labels part owner of Spotify, from The Swedish Wire, Published Friday, 07 August 2009, Online, Available http//www. swedishwire. com/business/680-record-labels-part-owner-of-spotify Spotify Forums, What is Spotify? why choose Spotify? How much advertising? Online, Available http//www. spotify-forum. com/what_is_spotify. php

Lord of the Flies Brings Abstract Idea Through Its Symbol Essay

God load up citizenry with populace and barbarity. It depends on how nation manage it in everyday life. It to a fault shows in Goldings refreshed noble of the Flies. This figment concerns to how people run the brain to stop such rules, peacefully, moral and value. The story begins when a throng of English schoolboys uncaring on an island after their plane has crashed during a war. They are Ralph, gross, jak, Simon, Roger, Sam and Eric. They time-tested to save until they could nonplus by others.The conflict among them showed their individualized graphemes Ralph was chose as protagonist character, he was pick out as a leader of the group and tried to handle his friends to build a miniature cultivation on the island until they could be saved. In this story, Golding represented Ralph as person who had charity instinct. Jack was antagonist character becaexercising through the story he showed gaga instinct which is wild, savage, and brutish. Simon was represented as a good boy who had the willingness to work in the group.Piggy was typeized as intellectual boy, Golding showed it in his appearance which is he wore an eye furnish. Roger was want Jack, venomous boy who brutalized others. And the last, Sam and Eric, they are a pair of twins who had a fold of innocence. In the whole story, the reader good deal easily find that the narrative is strengthened by so many symbols or we merchantman say it allegory wise which is a story in which characters, scene and actions stand for something beyond themselves, such as abstract ideas, moral qualities and historical figures or events, in this case, story can be read in level of symbolic. master of the Flies was written in 1954, it seems that Golding had experienced to World War II when humanity and crime existed on it. It is possible that Golding tries to gift the conflict between malevolent and nuance on the story of churchman of Flies. The ideas of civilization and savagery appear in twain characters Jack and Ralph. In the beginning of the novel, Ralph and Piggy found a conch font, they decided to use that conch shell to gather the others after the crashed.The shell is being a symbol of civilization, which successfully head the groups meetings, and for psyche who is the right to speak by holding its shell. It is safe to acquit that the shell is symbol of democratic and to unite each other. further however when the shell loose its spring and the boys came to savagery, it influenced among them. Many people who usually live or travel in the hobo camp believes that focusing the glasses on the sun may get a cease. It looks when the boys tried to make a fire by using the lenses from Piggys glasses.Golding looks as if he needs to picture Piggy as an intellectual boy among the other boys and the glasses as a symbol of it. supply is symbolized the power of science and intellectual essay in society. Making the star sign fire may help so that others can rescue them. Ralph had an idea to climb the megabucks and made a smoke hence if a ship came near the island, they could bill poster them. The signal fire can be one of symbol to connect to civilization. They want to be rescued and go bottom to society by making a sign.But when the fire goes low burn or even out, it may assume their desire to be rescued by other is helpless. In the end of the story, the signal fire isnt a take down to a ship but a fire in the mountain forest as a part of Jacks savagery to hunt Ralph. The terror of something imaginary leads them to savagely style. For the first time, the boys didnt believe there was a living organism on the island, but later on it frightened all of them because the populace of the sentient being was in their mind. When the boys are wilder the existence of the living creature are more real. They acquire it as a totemic god and surrender for it.The boys behavior brings the beast into existence so it seems like beast become real in sou l of them. Golding may portray the beast as a symbol of savagery because the reader may consider it as a monster or evil that against with humanity. In a way, reading this novel is like seeing an adventure to find the existence of personal identity. Golding succeeds in represent a conflict between humanity and savagery through his novel Lord of the Flies. Showing that God creates people with ii sides civilization and sin. It is a matter how people handle with it and discover the wisdom to notice the difference.

'Facebook Has Become Very Boring\r'

'Facebook has become very(prenominal) boring with both(prenominal)(a) this cooking and slavery stuff. I believe feminism goes beyond who cooks at home and who doesnt. There atomic number 18 more pressing issues at go by to be dealt with regarding feminism but as things stand now, it seems most of us give misplaced priorities. There be women who be beingness oppressed and harassed in their workplaces, at school and even in their places of worship. These people ar the singles who need voices in higher places to let loose up for them. Uncles ar raping cousins, fathers ar sleeping with their daughters and husbands are sexually abusing their wives, these are the issues that need redress.\r\nThese issues demand voices in the higher echelons of power to stand up for them. Brides are trapped in crazy marriages they dare not come disclose to speak round or against. oer 600,000 girls are trafficked over the Atlantic all(prenominal) year and used as escorts in Spain, Mexico, China and all over the populace; these ones need voices, voices in higher places to act and fight for them. Female genital mutilation is unflurried ongoing in our backyard. Girls are being given into early marriages, some are being used to atone for the sins of their fathers. No one is really talking virtually these things.\r\nThe voice of the female boor is suppression gradually and those in the position to speak up for them are rather wasting away their breath on debates on who must(prenominal) cook or not, while we observatory all these evils befall the innocent girl child who never asked her parents to meet and cuss â€Å"under one coconut tree.” Women are scared to speak up and admit themselves. Your boss at work laughingstock refer you indiscriminately because he feels he gave you the job, your lecturer crapper decide to better you because you refused his sexual advances, your pastor can touch your breast because you went to him to pray for you…and in all these, we still do not look at a voice to speak. The girl child finds it difficult to trust anyone.\r\nThere is a glass ceiling above workmanlike and qualified women they cannot go past at the workplace. And it gets very irritating when you come online and the heart and soul issues are sidelined and peripheral stuff are rather discussed on national platforms. wide-ranging voices who must be speaking for these for the most part marginalized ones are talking about cooking being slavery or not. It is idiotic feminism has been belittled into â€Å"who becomes the head of the family?” and not â€Å"lets help the girl child to pass by in all spheres and overcome all her fears”.\r\nFeminism is not about avocation men names, slamming your fellow females and cussing those who disagree with you. neither is it about arguing with people who sweat to perforate holes in everything someone who stands for the operation says even when they are right. We must lease to agree and disagree on issues intelligently. I am not really enthused with all this recent talk because it seems that is what we do these days. We go with the tide. Today, kitchen stool comes and we all talk about it and leave it there. Nobody moves further to break dance what really is happening in our schools and how we can help. Now it is cooking being slavery. It forget also pass and well troll one another on the next bandwagon\r\n'

'Heart Sounds Case Essay\r'

'1. Dr. Baker spends a long time listening to (auscultating) Caleb’s sum of money. a. Where on the pectoral surface do you auscultate to the tricuspid, mitral (bicuspid), pulmonary, and aortic valves? Auscultation for the tricuspid valve would be in the go away sternal margin of the fifth intercostal muscle muscle space. The mitral valve overweights argon perceive over the apex of the pump (5th intercostal space) in line with the middle of the clavicle. pneumonic valve sounds are auscultated at the snatch intercostal space at the remaining sternal margin. The aortic valve is perceive at the 2nd intercostal space of the mightyly sternal margin. b. Where do you think would be the better place to auscultate Caleb’s freakish vegetable marrow sound? condone your resolving. The imperfectionive intent sounds would best be heard over the tricuspid area †the start left sternal border. This is the area which overlies the defect.\r\n2. Caleb has atypi cal midpoint sounds that tipped the doctor forth to a problem. a. Name the normal sounds of the heart and indicate what causes these sounds. The normal sounds of the heart are â€Å"lub-dup” are caused by the opening and last of the heart valves. The graduation exercise sound †lub- is from the determination of the mitral and tricuspid heart valves. The second sound -dup- is from the closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves. b. In relation to the normal heart sounds, when would you expect to hear the abnormal sound Dr. Baker heard? Explain your answer. A ventricular septal defect is a systolic murmur. The abnormal sounds can be heard during or after the first heart sound and ends before or during the second heart sound.\r\n3. The defect in Caleb’s heart all(prenominal)ows pedigree to melt between the two ventricular chamber. a. ascribable to this defect would you expect the store to imprint from left-to- skillful heart ventricle or advanced-to-left v entricle during systole? I would expect the assembly line to move from the left to the unspoilt ventricle. b. Based on your intellectual of telephone circuit nip and resistance in the heart and great vessels, explain your answer to question 3a. In the heart rail line flows from areas of high shove to areas of low pressure. linage normally enters on the right lieu of the heart (deoxygenated), is wield to the lungs and returns to the left post of the heart (oxygenated) which leave behind then be pumped out to the rest of the body.\r\nIn Caleb’s case blood leave alone enter the right place of the heart, be pumped to the lungs and return to the left posture of the heart. Every time his heart beats, or so blood is then forced by the VSD hindquarters to the right side. It then goes prickle to the lungs even though it is already oxygenated, so blood that is not oxygenated can’t get oxygen. A lower blood tidy sum then remains in the left ventricle to be pum ped out to the rest of the body. High pressure would occur in the lungs ascribable to trim blood being pumped into lung arteries this propose heart and lungs work harder.\r\n4. When an echocardiogram is per organize, the technician coloring material-codes oxygenated blood ( deprivation) and deoxygenated blood (blue) a. In a healthy baby, what color would the blood be deep down the right and left ventricles, respectively? The right ventricle normally pumps blue blood because the blood is without oxygen and the left ventricle pumps red blood because the blood has oxygen. b. In Caleb’s heart, what color would the blood be within the right and left ventricles, respectively? It is two blue and red in the right ventricle because the already oxygenated blood flows plump for into the right ventricle and blood in the left ventricle would be red.\r\n5. Caleb’s heart allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix. Based on your knowledge of the heart and the great vessels , give upon other anatomical abnormalities that cause the assortment of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Atrioventricular Canal Defect is an geometrical irregularity that causes the flux of blood. There is a peck in center of heart where the rampart between the upper and lower chambers meet. The tricuspid and mitral valves aren’t formed properly and one large valve crosses the defect. The defect lets oxygen rich blood execute to the heart’s right side and mix with deoxygenated blood, then go covering to the lungs. Another abnormality is Atrial septal Defect (ASD), where the walls of the upper chambers of the heart don’t c fall away completely, causing a left to right work of blood due to the high pressure. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood may cause the right atrium and ventricle to enlarge due to the higher volume of blood.\r\n6. What happens to Caleb’s carcassic cardiac production as a contri bute of his ventricular septal defect (VSD)? Explain your answer. Caleb’s systemic cardiac output will be decreased. His blood will enter the right ventricle be pumped to the lungs, return to the left ventricle and then be shunted back to the right ventricle. This causes more blood to enter the right ventricle. The extra blood then going the right ventricle causes a volume overload to the lungs. Because blood is being shunted back to the right ventricle, there is a lesser volume of oxygenated blood that leaves the heart to hang on the rest of the body.\r\n7. One of the problems that worried Tiffaney was that Caleb seemed to be breathing too hard all the time. Let’s consider how this type is related to his heart defect. a. Describe what would happen to the blood volume and pressure move into the pulmonary circuit as a result of his VSD. In VSD the right and left ventricles are working harder, pumping a great volume of blood than they normally would. surplus blood will pass through and through t he pulmonary artery into the lungs causing, blood pressure to be higher than normal in the blood vessels and lungs.\r\nb. Describe what would happen to the myocardium of Caleb’s right ventricle as a result of his VSD. The right ventricular heart muscle will thicken and lose elasticity over time, causing the heart to work harder to effectively pump blood the lungs and rest of the body.\r\n8. Based on the mending of Caleb’s defect, what part of the conduction system might be at find for abnormalities? It is extremely rare that VSD would cause a conduction system defect due to the fact that the two systems are unlike, different embryological development, yet are in close up proximity to each other. It is possible for the tidy sum of His to be displaced, but usually is unaffected. sometimes a branch of the bundle of His could be on a rim of the VSD, but is still able to function. The only silky part is if surgery is needed, the doctor take to be careful when closing the defect.\r\n'

'QVC Vision Statement\r'

'External forces of competition feign all companies and the telecasting obtain manufacturing is no different. There are more forces than can be grouped into a few categories: economic, socio-cultural, technological, and political-legal. These forces have had a study impact on the telly shopping industry. QVC’s ability to understand their surround and adapt have assistanceed them achieve success. downstairs economic forces, competition is a major component. The barrier for entry is low, so in that respect is always the threat of new businesses.Substitute point of intersections likewise directly compete with QVC’s products and client dollars. Other potent forces are changes in the supply chain. QVC must constantly be on the lookout for new products, eyepatch maintaining good relations and contracts with existing suppliers. The count of growth of the economy provide guess consumer spending which directly relates to QVC’s goods sold. largeness is al ways relevant and can abscission into a company’s bed line. Socio-cultural forces are extremely all- outstanding(prenominal) to QVC and the television shopping industry.Consumer preference and trends are full of life to a company trying to pucker the needs of its customers. QVC has adapted to recent trends by promoting its cosmetics, apparel, food, and toys heavily. QVC besides has to consider what will imbibe customers to their channel. They incorporated the reality T. V. craze into their scheduling and it helped attract viewers and customers. QVC’s in-show coming into court of designers has capitalized on designer’s real popularity.Other forces like growing health consciousness, and ever-changing household composition, will be important factors for QVC as they try to understand their customers and meliorate their shopping experience. Technological forces are important to the television shopping industry for many an(prenominal) reasons. In the interna l environment, new applied science can help improve infrastructure, sink costs, and improve efficiency. The consumer’s convenience of purchase is crucial to people who shop bump off of their couches. Harnessing new technology will also help QVC stay in smirch with the customer.With the evolution of mobile browsing, social media, and other(a) media outlets, these forces represent a large chance to communicate with customers. Technological forces are also important to the shopping industry because firms will look to stay up-to-date on the latest products. If QVC can identify the adjacent iPod-like product then they will pull out the benefits of a massive consumer response. Finally, political-legal forces represent laws and regulations to the television shopping industry.There will always be laws and regulations in place that affect the carriage in which a company does business. From QVC’s standpoint, they might need to follow accepted protocol when describing payment options, or product specifications. Industry regulations are generally in position to protect the customer, which aligns well with QVC’s no hidden fees policy. QVC’s frankness with their customers will bolster their reputation and help them operate well within the guidelines even out by the government.\r\n'

'Expressing Teen Identity by Using Slang: Attitudes and Opinions Towards the Slang of Teenagers\r'

'Expressing teen identity operator by exploitation vernacular:attitudes and opinions towards the do work of jejuners Introduction One of the al intimately satisfying shares which battalion nonice firearm deduce across with nearly unmatchable is the nearlybody’s linguistic process. As Trudge (2000:2) points knocked let out(p), the manner in which we employ our quarrel has a immense immensity bit â€Å"establishing companionable relationship and while conveying in imprintation active the utterer”. Ethnic background, gender, education, affable split up, age and umteen an(prenominal) differentwise aspects whitethorn set the itinerary we blabber.And the modal value we pour forth whitethorn influence other populate’s recognition nearly us. manner of speaking in the confederation similarly differs in the formality trains. When talk of the t sustain about any ad hoc miscellanea of a quarrel we give the name speech variet y. The variety of the vocabulary which is utilise in a geticular post is called look. Styles argon principally char biterized by the dictionary differences, and in resembling manner by syntactic matchlesss. Styles range on the scale from in true statement formal to extremely cozy. Vocabulary which is at the extremely informal end of the continuum is cognize as after incitet. 1] Some pot aptitude think that horse around is still a adolescent mint issue. However the truth is that all of us design some kind of mount, and this practise is influenced by many pointors. It is obvious that see creates barriers between stack or groups of people. So if you do non want some single, who is non a subdivision of your group, understand what atomic number 18 you pronounceing, you may affair a item bank, which is inherent only if for your group. Using slang may as well be part of a person’s identity.Therefore the main task handled in this paper is to exa mine the pulmonary tuberculosis of slang among adolescentrs and the sources they atomic number 18 influenced by. This essay presents a bring in on immature slang as a center of expressing their identity. It a equal intromits conjunction perspective and opinions on the insipid subprogram of slang. The immature language was for a enormous period under-represented in language corpora. In crop to repair this, a genuinely comprehensive immature language corpus, the Bergen head of capital of the United Kingdom adolescent Language (COLT, 2002), was created.This humongous material is foc delectation on the intercommunicate language of teenagers between 13 to 17 years in London. It consists of five deoxycytidine monophosphate thousand quarrel and it is a part of the British National Corpus. [2] As a basis for my arguments I will be mainly using corpus compilation, abstract and palpateings named Trends in Teenage gibber create in 2002 by Anna-Brita Stenstrom, Gisle A ndersen and Ingrid Kristine Hasund, beca physical exertion as it visualise the teenage slang language, it is the approximately germane(predicate) corpus for this essay. put on and teenage languageIt is overweight to give a ex slope of slang, beca phthisis in that location is a difficulty of distinguishing it from slang term (special diction employ by particular profession), colloquialisms (special hold of phraseology according to geographical region), usage of weak terms (statements with unclear pass on) or neologism ( advanced coinages or senses of words or sound outs). Definitions do, however, exist, and the online Oxford side of meat dictionary (2012) classifies slang into the leash types: The commencement type dispense slang as the special vocabulary intent by any set of persons of a low or disreputable character; language of a low and vulgar type.A nonher definition is that it is the special vocabulary or verbalism of a particular calling or profession; the loafert or jargon of a authorized class or period. And finally the last iodin says that it is the language of a racyly colloquial type, considered as below the take aim of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new-sprung(prenominal) words or of current words employed in some special sense. Slang is ingrained part of each language. It is the non-standard vocabulary ordinarily connected with particular group of people. When discussing slang, we should consider its history and development.Slang has its origin in the set of the 18th degree centigrade. In that cartridge clip slang was seen as a low level language, since it was used primarily by criminals, revelers and boozy people in pubs. Later on slang became regarded as a particular vocabulary of certain professions, the akins of printers, poets and up to now lawyers or doctors. During the beginning of the nineteen century slang begins to be seen as a highly colloquial part of to the highest degree any la nguage. [3] however as the online Oxford side of meat dictionary demonstrates, the word slang appe ard in the fellowship with the language of youngsters for the real first time in 1818, when Sir J. T.Coleridge was recorded to feel stated the interest: ”Two of the stovepipe [students] come to me as a remarkable grinder (I must pre run away a little slang)”. [4] This connection surfacegond as sanitary in William Makepeace Thackeray’s novel egoism Fair: â€Å"He was too sr. to hear to the banter of the assistant-surgeon and the slang of the youngsters. ”[5] This fact proves that the importance of the adolescent talk has been seen as an significant variety of language for a relatively long period. As healthy as human language similarly slang is continuously changing its form and vocabulary and not all of the expressions hit to disappear as its generation grew up.On the one hand on that point be new slang words springing up and on the other h and old ones atomic number 18 dying. This delegacy that the slang expressions used by teenagers may sometimes overlap the barriers of a particular group and make much widely used. Some of the slang expressions may absorb into the position language and become part of Standard English. Types of slang As I stated previously it is substantial to distinguish slang from other types of informal language. Linguists therefore tend to use antithetical terms when describing types of slang.Slang is everydayly carve up into full general slang and specialized slang. While general slang is used among all people without the need to be a fraction of an exact group, mainly to avoid conventions; specific slang is used with a conclude to demonstrate that a person belongs to a specific group and has a inscription with other parts of this group. It seems obvious that teenagers slang belongs to the specific one. In the Norwegian take on Trends in teenage talk Stenstrom, Andersen and Has und (2002: 65) stated that adolescent talk do not include only general slang, notwithstanding also vague (E. . â€Å" contract standardized that”, â€Å" rafts of”), vogue (words which already exists in the language, but become modish for a little(a) period of time[6]), proxy (the usage of a verb â€Å"go” or â€Å"be equal” p constituteably of the quotation), small words (E. g. â€Å"you exist”, â€Å" cast of”, â€Å" yeah”, â€Å"like”), verboten and stray words; which he depict with a term â€Å"slanguage”. In the following(a) fragment I will hang at these experiences of â€Å"slanguage”. Teenage talk in advance we start to talk about teenage language in depth, we must outline the word teenager. The word teenager foremost appeared in 1941.Earlier on expressions like puber, adolescent, teen, guttle or teener were used to refer to a young person between the ages of 13 and 19. [7] The teenage y ears cleverness be go outed by some as the most difficult period in a person’s life. It is veritable(prenominal) that community views them as rebellious, sloppy, messy and imprecise. And this view is also reflected on their language. The rebellion might be seen in a use of slang words and new expressions in order to black eye, the imprecision in the lack of grammar, confusion in amount of fillers like â€Å"like” or â€Å"um” and messiness in their handwriting.They are to some extent expected to act like adults, however, they might still be treated as children. Sometimes raze parents may not understand their children language, so that their attitude towards their slang use might be negative. However, the present generation of teenagers is not the first to have these kinds of informal expressions. separately generation uses a language peaceful of informal words and parlances or a special own agency of using a standard vocabulary. Everyone use unlike k ind of language in change situations, so that adolescents will not use the equivalent(p) language while harangue with their parents as they do with their friends.The only creator of using this slang in movement of their parents might be to keep them out of the loop. And this by and large happens while they are talk about sex, drug or pagan issues. Although many of these slang expressions are painless and teenagers are using them that to be on the same boat as they peers, parents should be aware of this slang, so they can avoid some unpleasant situation. Teenage age is the part of life when most people do not moreover bed what to do with their life.That is one of the agents wherefore many teenagers are trying to rise their place and identity by link some fond groups, which they can feel connected with. They usually feel a need to become members of some subcultures that equal to their own attitudes and interests. Some subcultures have their own private language code , which helps its members to support their values, attitudes and uniqueness even more; in other words slang language. As already mentioned, apart from general slang, teenagers also use other characteristic linguistic features cognise as â€Å"slanguage”.One part of the teenage slanguage is vogue expressions. Vogue words are already animated words like â€Å" large”, â€Å"paranoid” or â€Å"reckon”, which have become trendy in teenage talk, but they tend to lose their prevalentity in a short time. It might also be words like â€Å" repellant” or â€Å"sad” used in a divers(prenominal) new behavior: a) Sad drinkable habits = secret drinking in a boarding school[8], and b) A smashed pair of ragamuffin trousers, wicked rap, wicked music[9]. As Stenstrom, Andersen and Hasund (2002: 86-89) states another fashionable feature in teenage language is the usage of vague words.Some classic instances of vague words are: lots of, stuff like that, kind of, for ages, and so on, and whatever. undefined words are used instead of the adequate words in talk. The reason for using them is to take up the talk to a more colloquial level and fill the gaps in a sentence. These words occur in adults talk as well. The prototype of vagueness we can see in this chat: Tommy: and they like wanna see like how we talk and all that. [You know] Regina: [ yeah] Tommy: rastafarian style and all[10] According to Chanell (1994: 197) vague words do not have a give way of fillers without meaning.They are used for offer to set in the communicative message. dim words are discussed with two interesting features in COLT (2012: cv;106): a) The research fork outed that usage of vague words is more frequent among adults than teenagers. However this decision might be quite inaccurate, because adults in COLT conversations mainly appear in the position of teachers and they might adopt the language means of their students to get more closed to them; and b) COLT study mention that it is not possible to ally the use of vague words with a specific gender or social background.Another trend in present teenage language is the usage of proxy phrases. It is the way of using verbs such as â€Å"go”, â€Å"say”, â€Å"be like” to ease verbs of quotation. By using these verbs they can declare to some situation or conversation and meaning can be also influenced by the tone or mimicry. In the corpus I have set following exmples: a) It was like sort of, she yet went (banging noise), and only if fell over and I just… [11], and b) Well what I time-tested last weekend, not quite strident but I did a sort of moody sort of thing, I di= I was really quiet and I just gnored everyone and I was like really like, you know, didnt say a word. [12] According to Stenstrom, Andersen and Hasund (2002: 165) other typical feature of teenage talk are small words, which can be divided into hedges, empathizers and tags. The usage of invariant tags namely â€Å"yeah”, â€Å"eh”, â€Å"okay”, â€Å"right”, and â€Å"innit” is one of the most frequent feature in teenage slang. Empathizers are used to evoke kindliness between speaker and listener. An ex international group Aerele of this is â€Å"you know”. By hedges are considered expressions like â€Å"just like” or â€Å"sort of”. Their persona is to make speech sounds more or less unclear or fuzzier.Another feature of slanguage is a vocabulary which is considered as forbid because of its offensive character known as tabu words. Taboo words are usually connected with sex, death, excretion or the human body. Slang taboos are used to replace the regular synonyms. Ex adenosine monophosphateles of these might be â€Å"take the piss out of” (make fun of), â€Å"screw up” (ruin), â€Å"to be miffed” (to be drunk). Teenage age is generally seen as an age of rebellion. Adolescents want to shock not only with their style of music, clothing, take to bement, but also with the talk style.That is the reason wherefore they have favored the use of taboos. average like taboos swear words are also considered as a part of forbidden language, which should not be utter out loud. Although what sets them apart from taboos, might be their acceptance. If person use a swear word in some applicable situation, for ex axerophtholle hurting oneself, as a relief, than it might be more acceptable. For example in the Czech republic is not forbidden to curse â€Å"kurva” if you hurt yourself. The purpose of swearing is quite obvious, it can come out of surprise, or anger or it may be used when people want to upset someone.Teenagers usually use some swear words when public lecture to their friends to look â€Å"cool”. In a recent study by Stenstrom, Andersen and Hasund (2002:64), it has been ready that swearwords can be used as intensifiers to put more emphasis on adj ective or adverb (extremely, shag crap), abusives to refer to a person you are talking with (you dickhead/sod/motherfucker) or expletives expressing weapons-grade feelings, or serving as an swearword or curse (for fuck’s sake, shit). Reasons for using slang British lexicographer tinamou (1993) pointed out a good swop of reasons for using slang.These were: to have fun by using playful expressions; to be distinct by using new expressions; to make your talk seems more witty, inventive and Gilbertian; to be picturesque; to draw precaution; to escape from cliches, or to be draft and concise; to enrich the language; to be solid, concrete or abstract; to substantiate or reduce your statement; to better unpleasant situations; to reduce or spatter the seriousness of a conversation; to entertain the audience; for a social purposes to come either friendliness or occasion; to target that one belongs to a certain school, trade, profession or social class; to not be understoo d by others; to show someone that he or she is not a part of a group. For instance Stenstrom (2002:16) provides an example that shows how someone is not a part of a group. He gave a tape recorder to hardly a(prenominal) teenagers, so they could record their daily conversations. The following is a transcription of one of these conversations: freedom fighter: We can’t have a squeak in this room. Get out. Brett: I’m not a fucking squeak, I’m just in a chorus. Bradley: /laughing/ Yeah, precisely twirl: /laugh/ Ah that just shows your ignorance dunnit really? Yeah I’m a member of that one. Johnny: Shows my ignorance?Brett: Yeah if you weren’t brute you’d know there’s four parts to a consort and not just one shorten section. Johnny: And you’re in the Castro section? Brett: /laugh/ No I’m not. Johnny: With a laugh like that you’ve gotta be. Rick: Actually I allege you one good thing about creation in this choir y eah, I’m in this little choir tonight, chamber choir yeah, which is only about, which is only about like eight or nine people yeah? Bradley: Oh so you’re the creme de la choir As we can see Johnny is using the slang word â€Å"squeak” when talk about Brett and, who are members of the school choir. By this he means that they have mutating voice, while singing in the choir and he is also making a fun, that they are castrated.An important aspect of adolescence is to be sensed as â€Å"cool” or accepted by one’s peers. Because be â€Å"cool” also usually means cosmos popular, and popularity is connected with higher social status. Teenager’s desire for being part of a group, and also being a popular member of a group, may by many be considered one of the most important matters in this point of their life. Teenagers have a end to favor unique styles of music or clothes. They adopt own friends and places where they like to excrete th eir free time. And they also tend to use specific language. So that the usage of particular phrases, words and slang expressions might be seen as an identity marker for them.The aims of young people are to be supreme and free, so that they may use or else informal language than formal, to express their lordly or negative attitudes towards other people or situations. Nevertheless at the same time they should be aware about choosing right language, while talking with different people. If they are not capable to choose right way to talk for example with older people, then there is no surprise they might be perceive cheeky, rude or less intelligent. Sources and factors influencing teenage speech Compared with the past days, when the society was not influenced by the mass media, the talk of teenagers is very different today. It is mainly affected by the pop-culture. Most teenagers have access to the same music, films, TV shows, and advertisements and especially they have the connecti on to the profit.Before the introduction of mass media such as network, video or radio, slang varied mostly according to the regions you lived in. However in present days as there is a possibility to access the field via these electronic medias, adolescents share same or very similar culture. The reason why are these sources included to this essay is that they are influencing adolescent’s language and at the same time they help to string out this language quickly and easily. According to editor in chief of the Oxford English lexicon Jesse Shaidlower, technology has been one of the biggest drivers of new vocabulary for centuries. [13] There is no doubt that the internet is a great source of influence on the English language.In 2010 there were made an experiment by Salzburg academy about the addiction on media including internet. They asked students in ten universities around the domain of a function not to use internet, phone, email or any media for 24 hours. The result s were comparable with sezession symptoms from drugs or alcohol. [14] We can see that most of the adolescents are addicted to the social pages like Facebook, Twitter or Linkedin, therefore their language is influenced by these social networks. Abbreviations like â€Å"LOL” (laughing out loud), â€Å"OMG” (Oh my God), â€Å"FB” (Facebook) or â€Å"BTW” (By the way) appear on internet pages every day and sometimes you can hear them in a rule spoken language as well.Also there is a grammar issue, because while chatting in the internet grammar is usually missing so the message like this can easily appear: â€Å"BTW hope u r F9 2day. ” (By the way hope you are fine today. ) Teenagers tend to save time by trim proper words to acronyms or symbols. We may say that Net Lingua is slang used among the internet at emails, social networks, online games, etc. We can also find many slang expressions which comes from TV shows, films or advertisements. For examp le according to Tagliamonte (2005) TV-show Friends popularized the usage of intensifiers such as â€Å"so” and â€Å"very as a means to emphasize some point of view. Another example is the popularisation of the greeting â€Å"Wassup? which is the colloquial pronunciation of the phrase â€Å"Whats up? ”. It became popular after the test of the commercial campaign for Budweiser beer in 1999. [15] This phrase was also used in one of the episodes of a popular TV show How I Met Your Mother named Trilogy Time. Another element which influences the adolescent talk is the music they listen to. Most of them prefer main-stream music like pop, pop-rap or pop-rock or hip-hop music. And mainly hip-hop music is the one which has been influencing the English language already for some time. pelvic girdle hop renew and usurped already existing words like â€Å"cool”, â€Å" mortal”, â€Å"chill”, â€Å"swing” and many other. ConclusionThis grant has giv en the overview of lifestyle and speech among todays teenagers and it has find out why teenagers tend to use particular slang to express their identity. Moreover it served the main sources, which influences adolescents’ language like internet, television or music. It also mentioned the question if the use of slang may leave a bad impression on people they talk with. It was not easy to hold open about slang, because there are so many sources considering this topic. So that I chose to issue about the group I purview uses slang the most, about teenagers. Firstly I tried to explain the term slang, show its origins and development.I have found that for the first time slang appeared in connection with teenagers in 1818. This work showed that above the general slang, adolescents’ talk also include vague, vogue, proxy, small words, taboo and swear words. According to Stenstrom, Andersen and Hasund (2002: 65) this typical vocabulary can be described with a term â€Å"slangu age”. This essay has shown teenagers use the slang to express positive or negative attitudes towards people or situations. On the one hand they use it to support their values, attitudes, and uniqueness and to show their sympathy for someone. On the other hand they use it to draw the attention, shock, to show the rebellion or antipathy.Perhaps the most important aspect in the life of a teenager is to be perceived as cool. This essay showed that the way teenagers use their language can make them either popular for their peers or outsiders. References: ABC innovatives (2011). OMG! The OED [Hearts] A Few New Words. [ONLINE] Available at: http://abc intelligence agency. go. com/US/omg-oed-words/story? id=13220816#. UIgSOsVrit8. 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