'Heart Sounds Case Essay\r'

'1. Dr. Baker spends a long time listening to (auscultating) Caleb’s sum of money. a. Where on the pectoral surface do you auscultate to the tricuspid, mitral (bicuspid), pulmonary, and aortic valves? Auscultation for the tricuspid valve would be in the go away sternal margin of the fifth intercostal muscle muscle space. The mitral valve overweights argon perceive over the apex of the pump (5th intercostal space) in line with the middle of the clavicle. pneumonic valve sounds are auscultated at the snatch intercostal space at the remaining sternal margin. The aortic valve is perceive at the 2nd intercostal space of the mightyly sternal margin. b. Where do you think would be the better place to auscultate Caleb’s freakish vegetable marrow sound? condone your resolving. The imperfectionive intent sounds would best be heard over the tricuspid area †the start left sternal border. This is the area which overlies the defect.\r\n2. Caleb has atypi cal midpoint sounds that tipped the doctor forth to a problem. a. Name the normal sounds of the heart and indicate what causes these sounds. The normal sounds of the heart are â€Å"lub-dup” are caused by the opening and last of the heart valves. The graduation exercise sound †lub- is from the determination of the mitral and tricuspid heart valves. The second sound -dup- is from the closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves. b. In relation to the normal heart sounds, when would you expect to hear the abnormal sound Dr. Baker heard? Explain your answer. A ventricular septal defect is a systolic murmur. The abnormal sounds can be heard during or after the first heart sound and ends before or during the second heart sound.\r\n3. The defect in Caleb’s heart all(prenominal)ows pedigree to melt between the two ventricular chamber. a. ascribable to this defect would you expect the store to imprint from left-to- skillful heart ventricle or advanced-to-left v entricle during systole? I would expect the assembly line to move from the left to the unspoilt ventricle. b. Based on your intellectual of telephone circuit nip and resistance in the heart and great vessels, explain your answer to question 3a. In the heart rail line flows from areas of high shove to areas of low pressure. linage normally enters on the right lieu of the heart (deoxygenated), is wield to the lungs and returns to the left post of the heart (oxygenated) which leave behind then be pumped out to the rest of the body.\r\nIn Caleb’s case blood leave alone enter the right place of the heart, be pumped to the lungs and return to the left posture of the heart. Every time his heart beats, or so blood is then forced by the VSD hindquarters to the right side. It then goes prickle to the lungs even though it is already oxygenated, so blood that is not oxygenated can’t get oxygen. A lower blood tidy sum then remains in the left ventricle to be pum ped out to the rest of the body. High pressure would occur in the lungs ascribable to trim blood being pumped into lung arteries this propose heart and lungs work harder.\r\n4. When an echocardiogram is per organize, the technician coloring material-codes oxygenated blood ( deprivation) and deoxygenated blood (blue) a. In a healthy baby, what color would the blood be deep down the right and left ventricles, respectively? The right ventricle normally pumps blue blood because the blood is without oxygen and the left ventricle pumps red blood because the blood has oxygen. b. In Caleb’s heart, what color would the blood be within the right and left ventricles, respectively? It is two blue and red in the right ventricle because the already oxygenated blood flows plump for into the right ventricle and blood in the left ventricle would be red.\r\n5. Caleb’s heart allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix. Based on your knowledge of the heart and the great vessels , give upon other anatomical abnormalities that cause the assortment of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Atrioventricular Canal Defect is an geometrical irregularity that causes the flux of blood. There is a peck in center of heart where the rampart between the upper and lower chambers meet. The tricuspid and mitral valves aren’t formed properly and one large valve crosses the defect. The defect lets oxygen rich blood execute to the heart’s right side and mix with deoxygenated blood, then go covering to the lungs. Another abnormality is Atrial septal Defect (ASD), where the walls of the upper chambers of the heart don’t c fall away completely, causing a left to right work of blood due to the high pressure. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood may cause the right atrium and ventricle to enlarge due to the higher volume of blood.\r\n6. What happens to Caleb’s carcassic cardiac production as a contri bute of his ventricular septal defect (VSD)? Explain your answer. Caleb’s systemic cardiac output will be decreased. His blood will enter the right ventricle be pumped to the lungs, return to the left ventricle and then be shunted back to the right ventricle. This causes more blood to enter the right ventricle. The extra blood then going the right ventricle causes a volume overload to the lungs. Because blood is being shunted back to the right ventricle, there is a lesser volume of oxygenated blood that leaves the heart to hang on the rest of the body.\r\n7. One of the problems that worried Tiffaney was that Caleb seemed to be breathing too hard all the time. Let’s consider how this type is related to his heart defect. a. Describe what would happen to the blood volume and pressure move into the pulmonary circuit as a result of his VSD. In VSD the right and left ventricles are working harder, pumping a great volume of blood than they normally would. surplus blood will pass through and through t he pulmonary artery into the lungs causing, blood pressure to be higher than normal in the blood vessels and lungs.\r\nb. Describe what would happen to the myocardium of Caleb’s right ventricle as a result of his VSD. The right ventricular heart muscle will thicken and lose elasticity over time, causing the heart to work harder to effectively pump blood the lungs and rest of the body.\r\n8. Based on the mending of Caleb’s defect, what part of the conduction system might be at find for abnormalities? It is extremely rare that VSD would cause a conduction system defect due to the fact that the two systems are unlike, different embryological development, yet are in close up proximity to each other. It is possible for the tidy sum of His to be displaced, but usually is unaffected. sometimes a branch of the bundle of His could be on a rim of the VSD, but is still able to function. The only silky part is if surgery is needed, the doctor take to be careful when closing the defect.\r\n'