Role of Language and Script in Raising the Religious Revivalism

situation of Language and Script in Raising the Religious Revivalism in compound Punjab aYESHA TABBASUM The wrangle vie the significant role in the creation of identities among the study communities in pr-parathion India. The Urdu linguistic process had developed as a common oral communication among all the communities and was, in the absence of a common religion the North- horse opera Provinces and divers(a) part former(a)(a) parts of the subcontinent. I. H. Qureshi, History of the Pakistan,(BCC& Press Karachi, university of karachi2006) 807.Language Controversy among Urdu and Hindi Although it was religion which was the key defining feature of Muslim identity, the Urdu nomenclature was an important symbol. For Hindoos, except for the apparitional communities, the symbol of religion had to be played down to avoid alienating other major religious communities. How incessantly, nonwithstanding linguistic pluralism, the Hindi lecture remained an important symbol in the crook of the Hindoo identity for the Hindu corporation of interests.Tariq Rahman, run-in and politics in Pakistan,(Karachi, oxford university foment 1996) 60 As in compound Punjab Hindu patshalas,which taught mantras and basic association of the shastras, Muslims Quran schools, and Sikhs educational institutions which taught the sacred text of Sikhism, the Granth ,and the Gurumukhi Script of the Punjabi language employ by Sikhs. The stand read intercommunicate language of northwards India in the British period was referred to interchangeably as Urdu, Hindi.Paul Brass, language, religion and politics in north India (Cambridge Cambridge university insistence, 1974), 129 exclusively its was volumeed in different mitt as Urdu was indite in Iranian rule book while Hindu union utilise it in Hindi for general communication purposes was generally written in Devanagri, as well known as Nagri. as Urdu was incorporated several(a) Arabic and Iranian words while Hindi drew on S anskrit was cited by Hindu nationalists as proof that Islam was foreign religion in India and there language should be the language of country.Vickie Langhor, Colonial education tran handion and spread of local religious movements the cases of British Egypt and Punjab,(Cambridge university crush out,2005) 174 But it was the fact that Urdu language being used by Hindu community of north Indian. work on 1931 many Hindu in colonial Punjab were literate in Urdu or else of Hindi language. Before the partition of India, during the colonial Punjab Language and script shape the major source of division among the major communities of as Hindus Muslims and Sikhs.Ever since the beginning of the eleventh coke Northern India was remained under the Muslim rulers. During different periods different Muslims rulers command at different times and different dynasties spoke diverse languages as Afghans spoke Pushtu and Turks Turki and the Mughals spoke the Persian, Sikhs of the Punjab A Study of Confrontation and political mobilization, Dr Sarfraz Khawaja, (Islamabad, Pakistan naked as a jaybird-fashioned book dept, 1985) 41 As it was the fact that in the period of the later onward Mughals, Urdu and Persian both languages were the court languages.When British succeeded the subcontinent they continued the same languages as the court languages. Shan Muhammad, the growth of Muslim politics in india1900-1919 (New Delhi, shish publishing house, 1991) 35. These languages were understood, overly spoke at large scale, but primals languages were also spoke by the native communities as Hindi, Punjabi Pahari Hindustani. In which Urdu and Hindi both languages were the mixture of native and foreign languages Two sides of one coin Hindi Urdu, or Urdu HindiAs Hindi and Urdu were devil names of one language script differentiate surrounded by them it called Urdu when it written in perso-Arabic script (both languages were associated with Muslim community) and when written in the Nag ari script (associated with Hindu community) there were some lexical and phrasal differences. Yet the two names for one language were frequently used for the same language and its literature segmented into parts largely on the basis of script and religions. S.Settar, Indira BaptistaGupta, Pangs of partition vol ?,(new Delhi Manohar publisher,2002. ) 34. Punjabi Hindu community used Urdu language as the language of commerce, journalism and administration. Urdu language was also the major language of literary formula not only in Muslim community in Hindu community as well in British Punjab while Punjabi was the utter language. Atamjit Singh, The languages divide in Punjab South Asian Graduate Research Journal, 9Achadmic of the Punjab new America) Volume 4, No. , spring 1997 Colonial government language indemnity in Bihar and its after effects Urdu was mixture of Persian, Arabic and Hindi Punjabi. As this spoken language soon become to be written in the Persian and Arabic languages language. Urdu gained the as official language status after the abolishment of the Persian language in various provinces of the northern India so at 1842 lord Lawrence confirmed that the use of this language (Urdu) is rapidly dispersal among all the ranks and is becoming a lingua Franca Abid41Till the 2nd half of the 9th century Urdu not only became a dominate language but also symbol of Muslim influence and power But In 1837 Persian language had been replaced by Indian pious platitudes and Urdu was sayd as the vernacular of the vast package of country known as Hindustani language, not only in Bihar and NWP and portions of central as well, However Government did not want personalize Urdu to be used as the vernacular. An order of 19 April 1839 declaredThe imploring and proceedings be recorded in lucid intelligible Oordoo, and that the natives ministerial officers do not merely alternate a hindoostanee for a Persian verb at the end of sentence Tariq Rahman, language and politics in Pakistan,(Karachi, oxford university press 1996) 62 As various colonial officers dis endurance once more and again Urdu language they were in the favor to accepting Hindi as the vernacular language of the Hindustani peoples. The director of public instruction tell in his report Indo-Persian of the courts has no raisondetre except as a remnan and callback of mahomedan sovereignty Abid 62.In 1872 sir Gorge Cambell, Lieutenant Governor of Bihar, approved order in which Urdu replaced by Hindi language in the courts of the province and this order was rigorously imposed in 1880 by Sir Ashley Eden. Abid 62. As Hindi language was not pure one language but the blend of the many natives dialects of north India in its widest perspective it could be assumed that Hindi language spoken in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and the Colonial Punjab. Dr Sarfraz Khawaga, Sikhs of the Punjab A study of confrontation and political mobilization, (Islamabad youthful book depot , 1985. 43. As Hindi language had written in Nagari or Devengri script. The Nagri or Devangri alphabet originated sometime in the 11th century AD. initially developed to write Sanskrit it later modified to write with several other languages. The name Devangri is made up of two Sanskrit words Deva, which agency divinity, brahmin or celestiai and nagari, which means metropolis. The name is variously translated as script of the city, heavenly/sacred script of the city or script of the city of the god or priests.So for Hindu community Hindi language purged of all Persian and Arabic accretion which served to remind them of Muslim community ascendancy, As Devanagri script had a religious importance for Hindu community since it was the character which Brahmans used and in which Sanskrit books were written. So due to the religious association Hindu community insist to colonial government in various provinces that Urdu written in Persian script must be replaced by the Hindu with its Devan agari script.To follow up their demand they presented the reason that (Urdu language was an amalgam of Persian and Arabic languages -and it -and it was oblige upon us by our former rulersbut it was by no means accepted by the peoples at largeno Hindu gentlemen would ever condescend to educate his female in Urdu language and Persian be stupefy the books written in these languages are usually obscene. Report by the north western province and qudh provincial committee of education commission, (1884) , 490. quated by Dr Sarfaz Khawaja op. cit, 72.Pro Hindi script activities of Hindu community and Muslim response Pro Hindi upthrust traveled from Bihar to the other provinces due to the two main reasons as prototypical when British replaced the Urdu language with Hindi language this decision provide the courage to the Hindu community due to this decision later Bengali Hindu community started protest in Bengal. Secondly then when Fateh chand established committees to press for Hindi la nguage. Pro-Hindi movement quickly spread in Hindu community of the north colonial Indian.Then pro Hindi agitation travelled from Bihar, Bengal to other provinces such as NWFP. There was quashed manifestation occurred a failure to introduce Devanagari in the colonial Punjab and NWFP. Jaswant Singh, Jinnah India-partition-independence (New Delhi Rupa publisher, 2009. ) 41 Muslim reaction towards Urdu Hindi dispute in colonial Punjab Enforcement of Hindi language became a cause for grudge amongst major religious communities as Hindus and Muslims in various parts of indo-Pak Subcontinent. But in colonial Punjab arose for the very first time in 1882.Paul R. Brass, Language, pietism and Politics in North India (London Cambridge university press,1974),287 The demand of substitute of Hindi language in davanagri script for Urdu in Persian script in colonial Punjab by urban Hindu community was not only cause the Hindu Muslim communal conflict. But pro-Hindi campaign, Devanagri script fo rm Punjabi Hindu community and protective activities of Punjabi Muslim community for Urdu language was pushed the both religious communities to protect and promote interest of their own communities.